Setup

Import Libraries

import pandas as pd
import hvplot.pandas

Download Data

import os
import owncloud

if not os.path.exists('data'):
    print('Creating directory for data')
    os.mkdir('data')

if not os.path.exists('data/steinmetz_winter2017.csv'):
    oc = owncloud.Client.from_public_link('https://uni-bonn.sciebo.de/s/G5rdvTsoESXolF4')
    oc.get_file('/', 'data/steinmetz_winter2017.csv')

Section 1: Jupyter Notebooks To Make Advanced Analysis Documents

Jupyter Notebooks are a powerful tool to combine your code and add analysis documentation all in the same document. In this session, we start by understanding different types of basic unit of a Jupyter notebook known as cell starting with Code cell. Then we look into some of ways to integrate text based explanations into analysis document with Markdown and Raw cells. Now that we are familiar with the structure of Jupyter notebook, we move on to looking at the data itself within a notebook using Pandas. Finally, we use hvPlot to add visualizations.

To make things easier, you can use the following shortcut table to quickly navigate and edit Jupyter notebook.

Section 2: Code Cell

Cell is a basic unit of Jupyter notebook. It is where we write, execute, and organize our code and notes. There are three types of cells in Jupyter: Code, Markdown, and Raw cells.

A code cell is to write and execute code. It allows us to enter code in programming languages like Python, R, or Julia and execute it directly within the notebook. When executed, the code cell displays the output below it, such as printed results, visualizations, or even errors.

Arithmetic expressions are computed and displayed directly in the output.

Exercises

Example: In a code cell, type 1+1 and execute the cell (Ctrl+Enter). What do you see?

1 + 1

2

Exercise: Type “Hello” and execute the cell.

"Hello"

'Hello'

Exercise: Type 10 and execute the cell.

10

10

Assigining a value to a variable does not produce an output. It just stores the variable.

Example: Example Assign 10 to a

a = 10

Exercise: Assign “hello” to greet

greet = "hello"

Exercise: Assign c to sum of 10 and 100.

c = 10 + 100

If you want to display the value of a variable, you need to reference the.

Example: Assign 10 to a and display a.

a = 10
a

10

Exercise: Assign “hello” to greet and display it.

greet = "hello"
greet

'hello'

Exercise: Assign c to sum of 10 and 100 and display c

c = 10+100
c

110

Print statements are widely used in almost all languages for debugging, displaying outputs, tracking program flow, etc. Let’s understand the behaviour of a code cell for print statements.

Example: print “hello”.

print("hello")

hello

Exercise: print “hello” and assign it to a variable called print_result. What do you see?

print_result = print("hello")

hello

Exercise: print “hello” and assign it to a variable called print_result and display print_result. What do you see? How is it different from the above output?

print_result = print('hello')
print_result

hello

Essentially, printing a variable does not return anything as it’s sole purpose is to print something directly on the screen. So print_result does not hold any value.

Exercise: print “hello” and assign it to a variable called print_result and print print_result. What do you see?

print_result = print('hello')
print(print_result)

hello
None

If you make a mistake in your code (such as dividing by zero or using an undefined variable), the code cell will return an error message:

Example: Divide 5 by 0.

5 / 0

Exercise: Add 10 to “hello”

10 + "hello"

Exercise: print variable_does_not_exist

print(variable_does_not_exist)

Plots will appear right below the code. For the below exercises, do not worry about understanding the code. It is to understand the capabilities of notebooks.

Example: Plot histogram of ‘response_time’ variable from Winter 2017 data.

df = pd.read_csv('data/steinmetz_winter2017.csv')
df['response_time'].hvplot.hist()

Exercise: Plot histogram of ‘feedback_time’ variable from Winter 2017 data.

df = pd.read_csv('data/steinmetz_winter2017.csv')
df['feedback_time'].hvplot.hist()

Exercise: Plot box plot of ‘response_time’ variable from Winter 2017 data.

df = pd.read_csv('data/steinmetz_winter2017.csv')
df['response_time'].hvplot.box()

Section 3: Markdown Cell

Markdown cells render formatted text for documentation, using Markdown syntax. Markdown in Jupyter Notebooks is a great tool for formatting text, embedding images, and organizing information.

We can create headings using # symbols. More number of # preceding the heading text, smaller is the font size.

Exercises

Example Create a markdown cell that looks like this:

This is a level 1 heading

Solution:

# This is a level 1 heading

Exercise: Create a level 3 heading that looks like this

This is a level 3 heading

### This is a level 3 heading

Exercise: Create a level 6 heading that looks like this

This is a level 6 heading

###### This is a level 6 heading

You can also make the text bold, italics, or both.

Example Make text bold

Solution:

**This is bold**

Exercise: Write “This is italics” in italics in the cell below by using only one * instead of two on either side of the text.

*This is italics*

Exercise: Write “This is bold and italics” in both bold and italics in the cell below by using *** on either side of the text

***This is bold and italics***

Example: Make an unordered list of three programming languages using -.

Solution:

- Python
- Julia
- R

You can also use *, or + to create unordered lists.

Exercise: Make an unordered list of your three favorite fruits using *

* Mango
* Watermelon
* Orange

Exercise: Make an unordered list of your favorite vegetables using +.

+ Bell peppers
+ Cauliflower
+ Brocolli¨

Exercise: Order your favorite vegetables starting from most favorite using 1 to 3 to number your list.

1. Cauliflower
2. Brocolli
3. Bell peppers

Demo

Create a link to a website, an equation, a python code snippet, and a table in markdown.

Link to website

[iBOTS Website](https://ibehave.nrw/ibots-platform/about-ibots/)

will produce

iBOTS Website

Equation

$E=mc^2$

will produce:

$E=mc^2$

Python code snippet

```python
print("Hello, world!")

will produce

print("Hello, world!")

Table

| Name | Age |
|---|---|
| John  | 20  |
| Jane  | 25  |
| Jill  | 30  |

will produce

Section 4: Raw Cell

Raw cells do not execute code or render as Markdown. Instead, they are left untouched during execution, allowing us to store plain text or any other content exactly as it is entered.

Exercises

Example Type “hello” in a raw cell. (Esc + R turns a cell into raw cell)

hello

Exercise: Type 10 + 10 in a raw cell

10 + 10

Exercise: Type ##### Is this a header? in a raw cell

##### Is this a header?

Exercise: What happens when you type the following into markdown cells?

• Hello
• 10+10
• ##### Is this a header?